Everyday life

Composting at home: the basics

What can and can't be composted, the balance to keep, and how to avoid bad smells.

Free Updated on September 11, 2026

What can be composted

Category Examples
"Green" waste (nitrogen-rich, wet) Peelings, coffee grounds, fruit and vegetables, fresh grass clippings
"Brown" waste (carbon-rich, dry) Dead leaves, plain cardboard, paper, small branches

What doesn't belong (in a typical home compost)

  • Meat, fish, dairy (attracts pests, causes odor).
  • Citrus and onions in large amounts (slow decomposition, bother worms).
  • Diseased plants, weeds that have gone to seed.
  • Litter from carnivorous pets.

A good compost alternates roughly 2 parts "brown" to 1 part "green": too much green alone quickly turns wet and smelly.

Avoiding bad smells

An unpleasant smell almost always signals too much moisture or green material: add dry brown material (cardboard, dead leaves) and mix it in to aerate.

The cycle

1. Alternate layers of green and brown
2. Mix/aerate regularly (every 1-2 weeks)
3. Keep moist without soaking (like a wrung-out sponge)
4. Wait 3 to 12 months depending on method and season

Compost is ready when it's dark, crumbly, and smells like forest soil.

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